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新概念3 Lesson54 Instinct知识点整理words1-3 New words and expression 1. wage v.进行(斗争) =begin and continue a struggle =carry on 表示开始进行 =undertake to do 着手 --He undertook to inform people concerned. wage a war against / on 就什么方面展开斗争 --Life means perpetual struggle against poverty. engage in不仅开展,而且全身心地投入 be engaged in / be determined on sth / be dedicated to sth / be devoted to sth 新概念英语1在线听 新概念英语适合多大的孩子学 新概念英语网上课程 2. contaminate v.弄脏,玷污 : make dirty or bad or impure by mixing with dirty or poisonous matter --Don’t eat the apple .It has been contaminated by flies. --Don’t read the hot story ( 黄色书刊 )just because it will contaminate (毒害)your mind. pollute v. 污染 --The air has been polluted severely / terribly / badly. pollution n. polluted a. tint vt. 弄脏( 通常用被动语态,突出坏因素对人的负面影响 ) =contaminate --Don’t read the hot story just because it will contaminate / tint your mind. --His reputation was tinted by the scandal.(丑闻) foul :make sth dirty --Dogs are forbidden to go into the streets because we are afraid the streets will be fouled. --The factory is responsible for fouling up the air. foul up=pollute defile : make sth impure =contaminate 使污染，内含不纯 --I like honey ,but I don’t want to drink the honey defiled by flies. poison vt 污染(较口语化) = foul up / pollute --Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our city. 3. provocation n. 惹怒，激怒 provoke v.激起 =make angry or bad-tempered / cause 挑衅，引起，激起 --He was provoked beyond his endurance. --He was provoked and it was more than he could endure. 他是怒不可遏。 
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社会生活
